ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of novel bioactive glasses (BG) including PSC with high phosphorus component and FBG with fluorine-doped element on promoting remineralization of artificial dentin caries.@*METHODS@#(1) BGs were used in this study as follows: PSC (10.8%P2O5-54.2%SiO2-35.0%CaO, mol.%) were synthesized using phytic acid as the phosphorus precursor through sol-gel method. FBG (6.1%P2O5-37.0%SiO2-53.9%CaO-3.0%CaF2, mol.%) and 45S5(6.0%P2O5-45.0%SiO2-24.5%CaO-24.5%Na2O, mol.%) were synthesized by traditional melt method. (2) The above BGs were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 24 hours. Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. (3) Prepared 1 mm thick dentin slices were soaked in 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 week to demineralize the dentin. Then the dentin slices treated by BG were soaked in SBF for 1 week. Field emission scanning electron micro-scopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the dentin slices. (4) Four cavities were prepared to 1 mm depth in each 2 mm thick dentin slice, then were treated with lactic acid for 2 weeks to form the artificial dentin caries. Wax, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), PSC and FBG were used to fill four cavities as blank control group, MTA group, PSC group and FBG group respectively. Then the spe-cimens were soaked in SBF for 4 weeks. The changes of depth and density of demineralized dentin were analyzed using Micro-CT before filling and after 2 and 4 weeks filling.@*RESULTS@#(1) PSC and FBG promoted mineral formation on the surfaces of the demineralized dentin. And the speed was faster and crystallinity was higher in PSC group than the FBG and 45S5 groups. (2) The increased mineral density of artificial dentin caries in PSC group were (185.98 ± 55.66) mg/cm3 and (213.64 ± 36.01) mg/cm3 2 and 4 weeks after filling respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group [(20.38 ± 7.55) mg/cm3, P=0.006; (36.46 ± 10.79) mg/cm3, P=0.001]. At meanwhile, PSC group was also higher than MTA group [(57.29 ± 10.09) mg/cm3; (111.02 ± 22.06) mg/cm3], and it had statistical difference (P=0.015; P=0.006). The depth of remineralized dentin in PSC group were (40.0 ± 16.9) μm and (54.5 ± 17.8) μm 2 and 4 weeks respectively, which were also statistically different from the control group (P =0.010;P=0.001). There were no statistical differences between the control group and MTA group. The above effects of FBG group were between PSC and MTA.@*CONCLUSION@#PSC has advantages in the speed, quality and depth of mineral deposition in the demineralized layer of artificial dentin caries. It would be expected to be an ideal material to promote the remineralization of dentin caries.
Subject(s)
Dentin , Silicon Dioxide/pharmacology , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Minerals/pharmacology , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Tooth Remineralization/methodsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Low phosphorus availability is a major factor restricting rice growth. Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) has many useful genes lacking in cultivated rice, including stress resistance to phosphorus deficiency, cold, salt and drought, which is considered to be a precious germplasm resource for rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism of regulation of phosphorus deficiency tolerance is not clear. Results: In this study, cDNA libraries were constructed from the leaf and root tissues of phosphorus stressed and untreated Dongxiang wild rice seedlings, and transcriptome sequencing was performed with the goal of elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in phosphorus stress response. The results indicated that 1184 transcripts were differentially expressed in the leaves (323 up-regulated and 861 down-regulated) and 986 transcripts were differentially expressed in the roots (756 up-regulated and 230 down-regulated). 43 genes were up-regulated both in leaves and roots, 38 genes were up-regulated in roots but down-regulated in leaves, and only 2 genes were down-regulated in roots but up-regulated in leaves. Among these differentially expressed genes, the detection of many transcription factors and functional genes demonstrated that multiple regulatory pathways were involved in phosphorus deficiency tolerance. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed genes were also annotated with gene ontology terms and key pathways via functional classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway mapping, respectively. A set of the most important candidate genes was then identified by combining the differentially expressed genes found in the present study with previously identified phosphorus deficiency tolerance quantitative trait loci. Conclusion: The present work provides abundant genomic information for functional dissection of the phosphorus deficiency resistance of Dongxiang wild rice, which will be help to understand the biological regulatory mechanisms of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice.
Subject(s)
Phosphorus/deficiency , Oryza/genetics , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Seedlings/genetics , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Oryza/drug effects , Oryza/physiology , Stress, Physiological/drug effects , Down-Regulation , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Seedlings/drug effects , Seedlings/physiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on arsenic (As) uptake and translocation within the seedlings of rice cultivars. The experiment occurred in three stages: I 5 days of acclimatization (nutritive solution); II 10 days under P (0.0 and 0.09 mM) and As (0.0 and 100 mM) treatments; III 5 days under recovery. The As exposure had significant effect reducing dry weights of shoots or roots, resulted in elevated concentrations of As in shoot tissues. BR-IRGA 409 showed the highest susceptibility to As in biomass production and root system parameters regardless the P level. This cultivar showed contrasting responses of As translocation to shoot tissue dependent on P levels, with the highest As concentration under low P and lowest under normal P levels. P nutrition was most striking on plants recovery for all cultivars under As exposure. Clearer separation of cultivars for phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) occurred at lower shoot P contents, that was, at higher levels of P deficiency stress. IRGA 424 showed higher PUE as compared to the others cultivars. Our results go some way to understanding the role of P nutrition in controlling the effects of As in rice shoots.
Subject(s)
Phosphorus/pharmacology , Arsenic/pharmacokinetics , Oryza/drug effects , Oryza/metabolism , Phosphorus/analysis , Arsenic/analysis , Reference Values , Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/metabolism , Time Factors , Biological Transport , Reproducibility of Results , Plant Roots/drug effects , Plant Roots/metabolism , Hydroponics/methods , Biomass , FertilizersABSTRACT
RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção de massa e o teor de flavonoides de plantas de marcela cultivadas com fósforo e cama de frango e colhidas em duas épocas. Estudou-se a combinação de doses de P2O5 (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1) na forma de superfosfato triplo, com e sem cama de frango (10 t ha-1), arranjados como fatorial 4x2, no delineamento blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram feitas duas colheitas das plantas, consideradas como parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A propagação foi indireta, com semeio em bandejas e transplante ao campo. As plantas foram colhidas aos 195 e 223 dias após o transplantio - DAT. A altura máxima das plantas foi de 1,14 m com uso da cama de frango e de 0,97 m sem cama, aos 195 dias após o transplantio. A produção máxima de massa fresca de parte aérea das plantas foi de 30,31 t ha-1 na colheita aos 223 DAT, enquanto a de massa seca foi de 11,38 t ha-1, ambas com o uso de 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5.A massa fresca de inflorescências foi maior (4,08 t ha-1) com adição de cama de frango ao solo e menor (3,49 t ha-1) sem cama de frango; em resposta às doses de fósforo, cresceram linearmente, sendo a máxima de 4,65 t ha-1 com uso de 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5, independente da época de colheita. A massa seca de inflorescências foi máxima de 2,38 t ha-1 com o uso de 300 kg ha-1 P2O5 na colheita aos 223 DAT. A maior produção de massa seca e o maior teor de flavonoides das inflorescências foram obtidos com o cultivo das plantas de marcela em solo com cama de frango (10 t ha-1) e com P2O5 (300 kg ha-1) na colheita aos 223 dias após o transplantio.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the biomass yield and flavonoid contents of Achyrocline satureioides grown under different levels of phosphate fertilizer in association with broiler litter, during two successive harvests. Four levels of P2O5 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), as triple superphosphate, and two levels of broiler litter (0 and 10 t ha-1) were arranged as a 4x2 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications. Two harvests of plants, considered as split-plot, were made. Seeds were sown in polystyrene trays then transplanted to the experimental field and harvested at 195 and 223 days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum heights of the plants were 1.14 m under the addition of broiler litter and 0.97 m without it, at 195 days after transplanting. The highest yields of total fresh weight (30.31 ton ha-1) and dry weight (11.38 ton ha-1) were obtained at 223 DAT, both with the concentration of 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The fresh weight of the inflorescences was greater under the addition of broiler litter (4.08 ton ha-1) than without it (3.49 ton ha-1). The plants grew linearly in response to the use of phosphate, and the maximum yield was 4.65 ton ha-1 under the concentration of 300 kg ha-1 P2O5, regardless of the harvest season. The dry weight of the inflorescences reached maximum yield (2.38 ton ha-1) at 223 DAT, in response to the use of 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The highest yield of dry weight and the highest contents of flavonoids from the inflorescences were obtained when A. satureioides was grown under the concentration of P2O5 (300 kg ha-1) with the addition of broiler litter (10 ton ha-1) and harvested at 223 DAT.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/analysis , Achyrocline/anatomy & histology , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/classificationABSTRACT
Osteopenia is common problem in premature infants. Low-birth weight babies do not receive adequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus through breast feeding. This study examines the effect of calcium and phosphorus supplements on osteopenia in premature infants. This clinical trial included 42 premature infants hospitalized at Razi hospital in Kermanshah. All the babies had a birth weight of less than 1800 grams. They were assigned into two groups of control and case. While babies in the control group received only breast milk, calcium [80mg/kg/day] and phosphorus [40mg/kg/day] were added to the breast milk for the infants in the other group. All the infants received a daily supplement of 400 iu vitamin D. Anthropometric measurements, serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentration were examined once at the beginning of the study and then every two weeks until week 6. At the end of the period, wrist x- ray was administered for all the infants. Data were then analyzed using t-student and chi square. Radiographic criteria did not indicate any signs of osteopenia. Yet a significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was revealed through biochemical analysis in control group [p=0.001]. Anthropometric measurements showed improvements in height, weight and head circumference for the two groups. Treatment with calcium and phosphorus supplements was associated with a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase concentration which is an indication of osteopenia. However the treatment did not reduce incidence of osteopenia in premature infants
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Premature , Calcium/pharmacology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Phosphorus , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Bone Density , Alkaline Phosphatase/bloodABSTRACT
El proceso de envejecimiento es un fenómeno complejo que abarca cambios moleculares, celulares, fisiológicos y psicológicos. Los adultos mayores son especialmente susceptibles a presentar problemas nutricionales, tanto por alteraciones gastrointestinales, como por cambios en los requerimientos de nutrientes, alteraciones en la sensación del gusto, deterioro en la dentición, uso de medicamentos, depresión, aislamiento social y pobreza, siendo esta última la más importante causa de malnutrición en este grupo etáreo. En la mayor parte de la población el consumo de alimentos saludables se encuentra muy limitado, no alcanzando a cubrir los requerimientos de proteínas, minerales y micronutrientes. Una alimentación saludable, variada, con buen aporte proteico y de micronutrientes, manteniendo una adecuada actividad física es fundamental para tener una mejor calidad de vida. Dentro de una alimentación saludable, la leche cumple un papel fundamental por su aporte de proteínas y nutrientes esenciales, dentro de los cuales se destacan las vitaminas B1, B2 y minerales como calcio y fósforo
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Health of the Elderly , Milk , Aging , Calcium , Carbohydrates , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Nutritional Requirements , Probiotics/pharmacology , Protein Deficiency , Riboflavin , Thiamine , Vitamin A , Vitamin B 12ABSTRACT
An experiment on the cultivation of Black Psyllium, also known as Tukhm-e-balanga [Lallemantia royleana Benth.] was performed according to a simple randomised block design to determine whether supplemental phosphorus application at 60 days after sowing [d] as foliar spray of 1, 2 and 4 kg p/ha [F [p1], F[p2] and F[p4] or top-dressing of 10 and 20kg p/ha T[p10] and T[p20] could improve the growth, yield and quality of the crop. A uniform basal dose [20 kg/ha, each of nitrogen and potassium was applied at sowing. Phosphorus was applied basally at 40kg p/ha recommended dose] in control 1 [B[p40] + F[w0] and at 20 kg p/ha in the remaining treatments, including control 2 [B[p20]+ F[w], both controls being sprayed with de-jonised water at 60 d. The parameters studied were: root length, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, shoot length, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, number of branches/plant, number of buds/branch at full bloom stage and seed yield, biological yield and swelling factor at harvest. Most vegetative parameters were generally enhanced by B[p20] + F[P2], B[p20] + F[P4] and B[p20]. + T[P10] Yield characters and swelling factor were maximum in treatment B[p20]+ F[P2]and B[p20]+ F[P4].It may, therefore, be concluded that foliar spray of only 2 kg P/ha on plants grown with half the recommended P dose at sowing proved optimum and resulting simultaneously in the economy of phosphatic fertilizer
Subject(s)
Phosphorus/pharmacology , FertilizersABSTRACT
Se determinó, el contenido de Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, P y Mg en leche temprana en 72 madres de la ciudad de Caracas. Las muestras fueron colectadas durante tres etapas de lactación: calostro (3 días), transicional (7 días) madura (21 días). Los cambios más marcados en las concentraciones de los elementos estudiados se observan principalmente durante las primeras semanas de lactación, tendiendo a estabilizarse hacia la tercera semana de lactación. El contenido de Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, P y Mg en leche calostro, fue de 7,1 ñ 2,5 µg/ml, 0,52 ñ 0.15 µg/ml, 0,49 ñ 0,14 µg/ml, 214 ñ 62 µg/ml, 107 ñ 27 µg/ml y 33,3 ñ 5,5 µg/ml. En leche transicional 4,0 ñ 1,0 µg/ml, 0,5 ñ 0,10 µg/ml, 0,38 ñ µg/ml, 292 ñ 62 µg/ml, 213 ñ 36 µg/ml y 30,4 ñ 5,2 µg/ml y en leche madura 2,8 ñ 2,7 µg/ml, 0,47 ñ 0,08 µg/ml, 0,36 ñ 0,09 µg/ml, 224 ñ 49 µg/ml, 175 ñ 35 µg/ml y 25,2 ñ 3,3 µg/ml. Las concentraciones de los elementos traza estudiados (Zn, Fe, Cu) se mantienen dentro de los niveles considerados normales. Los valores de los elementos mayoritarios (Ca, P, Mg) son comparables a los reportados en la bibliografía para otros países. Estos resultados sugieren que el estado nutricional de esta población de madres es adecuado, para satisfacer las demandas del lactante en las primeras etapas de su vida
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Calcium/therapeutic use , Copper/therapeutic use , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Iron/administration & dosage , Iron/classification , Magnesium/administration & dosage , Magnesium/classification , Zincum Metallicum/therapeutic useABSTRACT
1. Even though altered forms of acid phosphatase II were wynthesixed by the mutant strains nuc-1A and nuc-2A of N. crassa, their synthesis was independent of exogenous phosphate concentratiosn. 2. Synthesis of acid phosphatase I by nuc-2A was also insensitive to exogenous phosphate concentrations. When nuc-1A was grown on a low-phosphate medium, it also produced a heat-labile acid phosphatase in addition to a I-like acid phosphatase. I-like acid phosphatase was not detected in the mycelium of the preg*c mutant strain grown on low-phosphate medium. 3. These results are consitent with participation of the nuc-2, preg and nuc-1 genes in regulating the transport and/or secretion of acid phosphatase and probably other phosphatases by Neurospora crassa
Subject(s)
Acid Phosphatase/biosynthesis , Neurospora crassa/enzymology , Phosphorus/pharmacology , MutationABSTRACT
Foram estudadas, através da espectrofotometria, as concentraçöes dos íons cálcio e fósforo na urina e no soro sangüíneo, durante as etapas do processo de reparo em feridas de extraçäo dental (histologicamente) em ratos com hipertensäo renal pelo modelo de Goldblatt um rim, um "clip", seguido de um Grupo Controle. Tanto as dosagens quanto a análise histológica foram realizadas aos 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 e 21 dias pós-extraçäo. Nossos resultados mostraram que a hipertensäo renovascular induziu um atraso significativo no processo de reparo alveolar que começa a evidenciar-se a partir do 9§ dia pós-extraçäo dental. Näo foi verificada participaçäo efetiva dos íons cálcio e fósforo nesse atraso